Extraction
How much flavor water pulls out of the coffee.
Bloom
The bubbling when hot water first hits fresh grounds, as gas escapes.
Dose
The weight of ground coffee you start with.
Yield
The weight of coffee liquid you end up with, mostly used for espresso.
Immersion
Brewing by steeping grounds in water, as with a French press.
Burr
The grinding surfaces in a burr grinder, which crush beans evenly.